The Exploitation of Indigenous Communities by Commercial Actors: Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expression
Abstract views: 1086
/ 
PDF downloads: 612
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/898Keywords:
international copy right law, traditional cultural expression, Traditional Knowledge, underprivileged community.Abstract
The protection of traditional knowledge (TK) and traditional cultural expression (TCE) of underprivileged indigenous communities is threatened due to frequent exploitation attempts by commercial actors for economic benefits. The literature highlighting the legal gaps and necessities to support such legal reforms to protect those communities are scarce in the literature, which has been studied in the current research. The current study aims to provide insightful recommendations for policymakers to help protect the legal rights of underprivileged communities scattered in various parts of the world. Indonesian study setting provided a perfect case to achieve the study objectives. Using a qualitative doctrinal legal research design, the secondary data were collected, and content was analyzed using phenomenological and linguistic analysis. The results revealed that the protection of TK and TCE in Indonesia and several underprivileged communities in various countries need serious legal amendments in local legislation considering international laws. Contextually, the Indonesian Copyright Law is inadequate to accommodate the full protection for TCE. Meanwhile, Indonesian laws that regulate traditional knowledge are overlapping and immature to protect national cultural heritage comprehensively. A new regulation is recommended to ensure that all international legal instruments related to traditional knowledge should help the community of traditional knowledge copyrights in Indonesia with affirmative action towards indigenous communities. Policy recommendations and future research directions are suggested to protect Traditional Cultural Expression and Traditional Knowledge of underprivileged communities in general and Indonesia in focus.
Downloads
References
Ahmadi, A. (2021). The traces of oppression and trauma to ethnic minorities in Indonesia who experienced rape on the 12 May 1998 tragedy: A review of literature. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Studies, 8(2), 126-144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/744
Arizona, Y., Wicaksono, M. T., & Vel, J. (2019). The role of indigeneity NGOs in the legal recognition of adat communities and customary forests in Indonesia. The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 20(5), 487-506. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2019.1670241
Arsanti, I., & Böhme, M. (2018). Ensuring quality and safety of horticultural products through the implementation of good agricultural practices (GAP) in Indonesia. XXX International Horticultural Congress IHC2018: XIX Symposium on Horticultural Economics and Management, VII Symposium on 1258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2019.1258.5
Bangun, B. H. (2019). The existences of international law in the estabilishment of Indonesian national regulation on the protection of traditional knowledges. Jurnal Hukum Novelty, 10(1), 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26555/novelty.v10i1.a13122
Chou, P., Wu, S., & Chou, Y. (2017). The perspective of indigenous culture–A case study of the Truku tribe in East Taiwan. Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences & Humanities, 2(1), 67-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26500/JARSSH-02-2017-0109
Clark, S., & Wylie, R. (2021). Surviving a cultural genocide: Perspectives of indigenous elders on the transfer of traditional values. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Studies, 8(2), 316-346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/663
Dalle, J., Hayat, A., Akrim, A., Tirtayasa, S., Sulasmi, E., & Prasetia, I. (2020a). The influence of accounting information system and energy consumption on carbon emission in the textile industry of Indonesia: Mediating role of the supply chain process. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(1), 536–543. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10693
Dalle, J., Siyoto, S., Astika, N.D., Negara, D.J., Chandra, T., Anam, K. (2020b). Moderating role of IT adoption and mechanism of dynamic capabilities on Indonesian pharmaceutical firms performance. Systematic Reviews in pharmacy, 11(9), 982–992.
Dasrol, D., & Bachtiar, M. (2020). Local wisdom at kampar, pekanbaru, Indonesia, to preserve traditional culture [Proceedings]. Riau Annual Meeting on Law and Social Sciences (RAMLAS 2019), DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200529.280
Susanti, D.I., Sudhiarsa, R. I. M., Susrijani, R. (2019). Ekspresi budaya tradisional dan hak kekayaan intelektual. Malang: Dioma Malang.
Du Bois, M. (2018). Justificatory theories for intellectual property viewed through the constitutional prism. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad, 21(1), 1-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2018/v21i0a2004
Fedyk, M., & Xu, F. (2018). The epistemology of rational constructivism. Review of Philosophy Psychology, 9(2), 343-362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-017-0372-1
Foroutani, Y. (2020). Ethnic or religious identities?: Multicultural analysis in Australia from socio-demographic perspective. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Studies, 7(1), 1-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/280
Hakim, L. (2009). Upaya harmonisasi hukum terhadap perlindungan pengetahuan tradisional [traditional knowledge] di Indonesia. Jurnal Yustika, 12(2), 171-182.
Hawin, M. (2009). Studi hukum kewenangan penyelesaian sengketa perbankan syariah: Analisa hukum Islam terhadap kewenangan peradilan agama, peradilan umum dan badan arbitrase nasional. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/home/detail_pencarian/41118
Hawin, M. (2011). New issues in intellectual property law in Indonesia. Mimbar Hukum-Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, Edisi Khusus (Novemberi), 1-26.
Hysa, E. (2020). Impact of cultural diversity on Western Balkan countries’ performance. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Studies, 7(1), 20-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/292
Ismail, D. E., Nggilu, N. M., & Tome, A. H. (2019). The urgency of Gorontalo traditional cultural regulation expression as a form of legal protection for national culture. European Union Digital Litrary. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.10-9-2019.2289412 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.10-9-2019.2289412
Jaszi, P. I. (2009). Traditional culture: A step forward for protection in Indonesia - A research report. Jakarta, Indonesia: Institute for Press and Development Studies. https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=pijip_trad_knowledge
Juwana, H. (2011). The obligation to ensure the conformity of international treaties with the constitution. Indonesian Journal of International Law, 8(3), 434-446. http://dx.doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol8.3.298 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol8.3.298
Kastowo, C. (2020). Contribution of traditional cultural expression on regional economic assets [Proceedings]. International Conference on Law, Economics and Health (ICLEH 2020). https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200513.075 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200513.075
Khushnud, Z., & Qingjie, Z. (2020). Study on banks’ risk assessment of financing smallmedium enterprises’ project: The findings and experience from Uzbekistan banking sectors. International Journal of Business & Administrative Studies, 6(2), 86-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20469/ijbas.6.10003-2
Kinata, E. J. (2016). The effect of market volatility and firm size towards the difference of market reaction around stock-split announcement in Indonesia stock exchange. Journal of Administrative & Business Studies, 2(6), 304-313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20474/jabs-2.6.5
Komaladewi, R., Mulyana, A., & Jatnika, D. (2017). The representation of culinary experience as the future of Indonesian tourism cases in Bandung City, West Java. International Journal of Business & Economic Affairs, 2(5), 268-275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24088/IJBEA-2017-25001
Kurnilasari, D. T., Yahanan, A., & Rahim, R. A. (2018). Indonesia’s traditional knowledge documentation in intellectual property rights’ perspective. Sriwijaya Law Review, 2(1), 110-130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.Vol2.Iss1.114.pp110-130
Kuruk, P. (1999). Asylum and the non-refoulement of refugees: The case of the missing shipload of Liberian refugees. Stanford Journal of International Law, 35, 313.
Lubis, A., & Siahaan, A. P. U. (2016). Network forensic application in general cases. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering, 18(6), 41-44.
Mahy, P. (2021). Indonesia's Omnibus Law on job creation: Reducing labour protections in a time of COVID-19 [Working paper No. 23]. Labour, Equality and Human Rights (LEAH) Research Group. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3772526
Mansoor, M. (2021). Citizens' trust in government as a function of good governance and government agency's provision of quality information on social media during COVID-19. Government Information Quarterly, 101597. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101597 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101597
Minarchek, R. (2017). Land law and swidden cultivation: Indonesian Adat communities and the struggle for statutory rights. Shifting Cultivation Policies: Balancing Environmental & Social Sustainability (857-873). Wallingford: CABI. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786391797.0857 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786391797.0857
Nan, M., Lun, Y., Qingwen, M., Keyu, B., & Wenhua, L. (2021). The significance of traditional culture for agricultural biodiversity—experiences from GIAHS. Journal of Resources & Ecology, 12(4), 453-461 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2021.04.003
Nawastuty S., D. (2015). The implementation fair trade system based on the natural potencial resources in effective and efficient ways through the ASEAN Free Trade Era. Indonesian Journal of International Law, 13(4), 550. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol13.4.668
Tampubolon. (2008). Berebut hasil kreasi pengrajin perak Bali. Jurnal Hukum Internasional, 6(1), 157-177. http://ijil.ui.ac.id/index.php/home/article/download/485/pdf_370
Nugroho, B. S. F., & Utama, M. A. R. (2020). Legal protection of copyright in the globalization era: A comparison of Indonesia and China. Journal of Law & Legal Reform, 1(4), 671-680. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v1i4.39424
Nurjani, N. P. S., & Dwijendra, N. K. A. (2020). How traditional Balinese houses can adjust and cater for international tourist in the Canggu area, Bali Indonesia. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(3), 2561-2573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V24I3/PR201901
Oriakhogba, D. O. (2020). Empowering rural women crafters in KwaZulu-Natal: The dynamics of intellectual property, traditional cultural expressions, innovation and social entrepreneurship. South African Law Journal, 137(1), 145-172.
Palar, M. R. A., Sukarsa, D. E., & Ramli, A. M. (2018, July-September). Indonesian system of geographical indications to protect genetic resources, traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions. Journal of Intellectual Property Rights, 23(4-5) http://nopr.niscairr.res.in/handle/123456789/45823
Panca , A., & Widodo, H. (2014). The impact of election socialization by Kpu Kota Surabaya on community political participation in the 2013 Jatim Pilgub (In Kecamatan Gayungan Surabaya). Moral & Citizenship Studies, 2(2), 372-386.
Pratiwi, I., & Utama, B. (2019, July 23-26). Appropriation of policies on education for Adat community in Indonesia: A reflection of the failure of Indonesia as a common project [Paper presentation]. 7th International Symposium of Journal Antropologi Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Purwana, D., & Madhakomala, R. (2020). Do transformational leadership, interpersonal communication, and career development have direct and indirect effect on diplomats’ organizational commitment at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Indonesia in Jakarta? IJHCM: International Journal of Human Capital Management, 4(1), 59-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/IJHCM.04.01.05
Purwanto, D., Mardiyanto, R., & Arai, K. (2009). Electric wheelchair control with gaze direction and eye blinking. Artificial Life & Robotics, 14(3), 397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10015-009-0694-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10015-009-0694-x
Putra, I. B. W. (2012). Harmonizing ideological tension in the development of the ASEAN Law. Journal of East Asia and International Law, 5(2), 359-376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14330/jeail.2012.5.2.03
Putra, N. H., Sutarto, J., & Yusuf, A. (2021). Influence of organizational climate towards Polyglot Indonesia members intercultural communication skill mediated by self motivation. Journal of Nonformal Education, 7(1). 14-22 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jne.v7i1.26790
Ranathunga, G., Karunarathne, P., & De Silva, S. (2018). Headdress: Faith and practice in everyday life in Buddhism (The case of the temple of the tooth Buddhist religious activities and the cultural headdress of Sri Lanka). Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences & Humanities, 3(5), 172-178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26500/JARSSH-03-2018-0502
Rihab, B., & Lofti, B. (2011). Socio-cultural heritage and financial decisions: An empirical study. Educational Research, 2(11), 1685-1707.
Roisah, K. (2014). Perlindungan ekspresi budaya tradisional dalam sistem hukum kekayaan intelektual. Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 43(3), 372-379.
Rosidawati, I. (2013). Konsep perlindungan pengetahuan tradisional berdasarkan asas keadilan melalui Sui Generis Intellectual Property System. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 20(2), 163-185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol20.iss2.art1
Sadeghi, S., Sajjadi, S. N., Nooshabadi, H. R., & Farahani, M. J. (2018). Social-cultural barriers of Muslim women athletes: Case study of professional female athletes in Iran. Journal of Management Practices, Humanities & Social Sciences, 2(1), 6-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33152/jmphss-2.1.2
Schmidt, H., & Anderman, S. (2011). EU competition law and intellectual property rights, the regulation of innovation. Oxford University Press.
Stelmach, J., & Brozek, B. (2006). Methods of legal reasoning (Vol. 78). Springer.
Suparlan, P. (2014). Menuju masyarakat Indonesia yang multikultural [Keynote Address]. Antropologi Indonesia, 69, 98-105. http://www.ijil.ui.ac.id/index.php/jai/article/view/3448/2729 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7454/ai.v0i69.3448
Susanti, D. I., & Susrijani, R. (2017). Pemberdayaan komunitas musik Katolik Indonesia di bidang hak cipta. ASAWIKA: Media Sosialisasi Abdimas Widya Karya, 1(02), 25-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37832/asawika.v1i02.29
Susanti, D. I., Susrijani, R., & Sudhiarsa, R. I. M. (2019). Traditional cultural expressions and intellectual property rights in Indonesia. Yuridika, 35(2), 257-276. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v35i2.15745
Tamsah, H., Yusriadi, Y., & Farida, U. (2020). Training, knowledge sharing, and quality of work-life on civil servants performance in Indonesia. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Studies, 7(3), 163-176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/514
Torsen, M. (2008). Intellectual property and traditional cultural expressions: A synopsis of current issues. Intercultural Human Rights Law Review, 3, 201-214.
Utami, U., Karimuna, S. R., & Jufri, N. N. (2017). Hubungan lama kerja, sikap kerja dan beban kerja dengan muskuloskeletal disorders (MSDs) pada petani padi di Desa Ahuhu secamatan Meluhu dabupaten Konawe tahun 2017. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kesehatan Masyarakat, 2(6). 1-10.
Xie, Y., & Peng, M. (2018). Attitudes toward homosexuality in China: Exploring the effects of religion, modernizing factors, and traditional culture. Journal of Homosexuality, 65(13), 1758-1787. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2017.1386025
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
By submitting a manuscript to JECS, authors agree to transfer without charge the following rights to JECS upon acceptance of the manuscript: first worldwide publication rights and the right for JECS to grant permissions as JECS editors judge appropriate for the redistribution of the article, its abstract, and its metadata in professional indexing and reference services. Any revenues from such redistribution are used solely to support the continued publication and distribution of articles.
Accepted 2021-08-09
Published 2021-08-15
The journal is licensed under a 