Positive Religious Coping, Cultural Anthropology of Women Rights and Well-Being of Hindu Women in Bali Indonesia: Mediation of Socio-Economic Women Rights

I Nyoman Yoga Segara

doi:10.29333/ejecs/853

Authors

I Nyoman Yoga Segara Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/853

Keywords:

Religious coping, cultural anthropology, women rights, Socio-economic, Well-being

Abstract

International human rights organizations are working hard to protect women's cultural, social, and political rights by enforcing laws and amendments to safeguard women's well-being in society. Providing women with their fundamental rights is based on positive attitudes towards them in society. Hence it is important to study the factors impacting women’s well-being. Established on the Theory of Moral Sentiments and the Normative Theory of Human rights, this study aims to determine the factors that underpin Hindu women's well-being in Bali, Indonesia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 338 females of the Hindu religion (students, staff, and faculty members) from four public and private Indonesian higher education institutes/universities in Bali. Results revealed that positive religious coping and the cultural anthropology of women's rights, directly and indirectly, impacted women's well-being via women's socio-economic rights. This extended and more comprehensive model would help practitioners better understand how the blend of people's religious values, society, and cultural anthropology of women's rights can positively enhance their well-being.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdalla, I. (1996). Attitudes towards women in the Arabian Gulf Region, Women in Management Review, 11, 29-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09649429610109271

Ackerly, B. A. (2018). Just responsibility: A human rights theory of global justice. Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662936.001.0001

Agra, I. B., Gelgel, I. P., & Dharmika, I. B. (2018). Pressure on socio-cultural towards post-divorce Hindu women in Denpasar city. International Journal of Social Sciences Humanities, 2(3), 63-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v2n3.191

Ahmadi, A. (2021). The traces of oppression and trauma to ethnic minorities in Indonesia who experienced rape on the 12 May 1998 tragedy: A review of literature. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Studies, 8(2), 126-144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/744

Al-Hasan, A., Yim, D., & Khuntia, J. (2020). Citizens’ adherence to COVID-19 mitigation recommendations by the government: A 3-country comparative evaluation using web-based cross-sectional survey data. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8), e20634. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/20634

Aliyyah, R. R., Rachmadtullah, R., Samsudin, A., Syaodih, E., Nurtanto, M., & Tambunan, A. R. S. (2020). The perceptions of primary school teachers of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic period: A case study in Indonesia. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Studies, 7(2), 90-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/388

Anthony, F. -V., Zaccaria, F., & Sterkens, C. (2020). Impact of religion on socioeconomic rights: An empirical study of Italian students’ attitude. In H. -G. Ziebertz (Ed.), International empirical studies on religion & socioeconomic human rights (pp. 63-100). Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30934-3_4

Ara, F. (2020). Does socio-economic status matter for greater political participation of women: A comparative study between Australia and Bangladesh in light of the Modernization Theory? South Asian Research Journal of Business & Management, 2(3), 59-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjbm.2020.v02i03.005

Armia, M. S. (2018). Implementing Islamic constitutionalism: How Islamic is Indonesia's constitution? Al-'Adalah, 15(2), 437-450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v15i2.3389

Baltabaeva, M. M. (2021). Women’s problem at a new stage of socio-economic and political change in Uzbekistan: Problems and solutions. The American Journal of Social Science Education Innovations, 3(01), 314-318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume03Issue01-61

Bauböck, R. (2008). Normative political theory and empirical research. In D. Della Porta & M. Keating (Eds.), Approaches and methodologies in the social sciences: A pluralistic perspective (pp. 40-60). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CB09780511801938.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511801938.004

Budiharso, T., & Tarman, B. (2020). Improving quality education through better working conditions of academic institutes. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Studies, 7(1), 99-115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/306

Chen, Y., Cottam, E., & Lin, Z. (2020). The effect of resident-tourist value co-creation on residents’ well-being. Journal of Hospitality Tourism Management, 44, 30-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.05.009

Dalle, J., & Ariffin, A.M. (2018). The impact of technologies in teaching interaction design. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems. 10(4-Special Issue), 1779-1783.

Dengechi, B., Worku, N., & Mikre, F. (2021). Comparing the psychological well-being of the Manjo ethnic minority with the Non-Manjo ethnic group in Kaffa Zone, Ethiopia. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Studies, 8(2), 21-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/591

Devasundaram, A. I., & Barn, R. (2020). Performativity of rape culture through fact and fiction: An exploration of India’s daughter and anatomy of violence. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 23(6), 879-897. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1367877920911937

Erlingsson, G. Ó., & Ödalen, J. (2017). A normative theory of local government: Connecting individual autonomy and local self-determination with democracy. Lex Localis-Journal of Local Self-Government, 15(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.4335/15.2.329-342(2017)

Fawaid, A., & Busro, B. (2019). Contesting religious family rights: Muslim and Hindu women’s land ownership in Java and Bali. Islam Realitas: Journal of Islamic Social Studies, 5(2), 202-216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30983/islam_realitas.v5i2.3059

Flores, A. R., Haider‐Markel, D. P., Lewis, D. C., Miller, P. R., Tadlock, B. L., & Taylor, J. K. (2018). Challenged expectations: Mere exposure effects on attitudes about transgender people and rights. Political Psychology, 39(1), 197-216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12402

Foroutani, Y. (2020). Ethnic or religious identities?: Multicultural analysis in Australia from socio-demographic perspective. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Studies, 7(1), 1-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/280

French, D. C., Purwono, U., & Shen, M. (2020). Religiosity and positive religious coping as predictors of Indonesian Muslim adolescents’ externalizing behavior and loneliness. Psychology of Religion & Spirituality. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000300 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000300

Gergerlioglu, O. F. (2020). Imprisoned women and children in Turkey: Human rights violations under the State of Emergency. In H. Aydin & W. Langley (Eds.), Human rights in Turkey: Assaults on human dignity (pp. 411-434). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57476-5_18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57476-5_18

Haakonssen, K. (2002). Adam Smith: The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Cambridge University Press.

Hebert, R., Zdaniuk, B., Schulz, R., & Scheier, M. (2009). Positive and negative religious coping and well-being in women with breast cancer. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 12(6), 537-545. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2008.0250

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In R. R. Sinkovics & P. N. Ghauri (Eds.), New challenges to international marketing (Vol. 20, pp. 277-319). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014

Herrera, A. P., Lee, J. W., Nanyonjo, R. D., Laufman, L. E., & Torres-Vigil, I. (2009). Religious coping and caregiver well-being in Mexican-American families. Aging Mental Health, 13(1), 84-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860802154507

Hudson, P., Pham, M., & Bubeck, P. (2019). An evaluation and monetary assessment of the impact of flooding on subjective well-being across genders in Vietnam. Climate Development, 11(7), 623-637. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2019.1579698

Hysa, E. (2020). Impact of cultural diversity on Western Balkan countries’ performance. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Studies, 7(1), 20-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/292

Indrayani, L., & Musmini, L. S. (2019). The meaning of feminist economics from the Balinese women's perspective. European Journal of Research in Social Sciences 7(6).

Jansen, N. A. (2019). Women’s hypertension in Indonesia: The role of religion, trust, and community involvement [Ph.D. dissertation, University of Kansas]. KU ScholarWorks. https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/handle/1808/30217

Keyes, C. L. (2005). Mental illness and/or mental health? Investigating axioms of the complete state model of health. Journal of consulting & clinical psychology, 73(3), 539. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.539

Khandelwal, P., & Sehgal, A. (2018). Exploring work-family interface for Indian women entrepreneurs. Gender in Management, 33(3), 203-216. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-04-2016-0075 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-04-2016-0075

Kilburn, K., Hughes, J. P., MacPhail, C., Wagner, R. G., Gómez-Olivé, F. X., Kahn, K., & Pettifor, A. (2019). Cash transfers, young women’s economic well-being, and HIV risk: Evidence from HPTN 068. AIDS Behavior, 23(5), 1178-1194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2329-5

Kleer, R. A. (1995). Final causes in Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments. Journal of the History of Philosophy, 33(2), 275-300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/hph.1995.0028

Krahé, B. (2018). Violence against women. Current Opinion in Psychology, 19, 6-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.017

Lewis, I. M. (2004). Social and cultural anthropology in perspective. Transaction Publishers.

Liebmann, L. L. (2020). When culture talks: Honor as a post hoc addition in migrant women’s accounts of violence. Communication & Critical/Cultural Studies, 17(1), 38-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14791420.2019.1683215

Luczak, C., & Kalbag, A. (2018). The appropriateness and effectiveness of cross-aged peer mentoring in the learning environment. International Journal of Humanities, Arts & Social Sciences, 4(2), 76-84. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.4.10003-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.4.10003-2

Mansoor, M. (2021). An interaction effect of perceived government response on COVID-19 and government agency’s use of ICT in building trust among citizens of Pakistan. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, Vol. ahead-of-print(No. ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-01-2021-0002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-01-2021-0002

Mansoor, M., & Noor, U. (2019). Determinants of green purchase intentions: Positive word of mouth as moderator. Journal of Business & Economics, 11(2), 143-160.

Mueller, P. D. (2021). Adam Smith on moral judgment: Why people tend to make better judgments within liberal institutions. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 184, 813-825. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2020.08.038

Nasir, M. A. (2020). Conflict, peace, and religious festivals: Muslim-Hindu-Christian relations on the eastern Indonesian island of Lombok. Interreligious Studies & Intercultural Theology, 4(1), 102-123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1558/isit.36471

Nedal, O. A., & Alcoriza, M. G. O. (2018). Challenges in education: The untold story of students in Lanao Kapanglao, Glan, Sarangani province. Journal of Advances in Humanities & Social Sciences, 4(3), 118-126. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss-4.3.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss-4.3.1

Nichols, S. (2021). Rational rules: Towards a theory of moral learning. Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869153.001.0001

Noor, U., Mansoor, M., & Rabbani, S. (2021). Brand hate and retaliation in Muslim consumers: Does offensive advertising matter? Journal of Islamic Marketing, Vol. ahead-of-print(No. ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-10-2020-0316 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-10-2020-0316

Oti-Boadi, M., & Asante, K. O. (2017). Psychological health and religious coping of Ghanaian women with infertility. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 11(1), 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13030-017-0105-9

Pandey, J., & Singh, M. (2019). Positive religious coping as a mechanism for enhancing job satisfaction and reducing work-family conflict: A moderated mediation analysis. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 16(3), 314-338. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2019.1596829

Pargament, K., Feuille, M., & Burdzy, D. (2011). The brief RCOPE: Current psychometric status of a short measure of religious coping. Religions, 2(1), 51-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rel2010051

Pargament, K. I., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. M. (2000). The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(4), 519-543. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(200004)56:4<519::AID-JCLP6>3.0.CO;2-1

Pargament, K. I., Tarakeshwar, N., Ellison, C. G., & Wulff, K. M. (2001). Religious coping among the religious: The relationships between religious coping and well‐being in a national sample of Presbyterian clergy, elders, and members. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 40(3), 497-513. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0021-8294.00073

Park, C. L., Holt, C. L., Le, D., Christie, J., & Williams, B. R. (2018). Positive and negative religious coping styles as prospective predictors of well-being in African Americans. Psychology of Religion & Spirituality, 10(4), 318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000124

Parr, W. V., & Rodrigues, H. (2020). Cross-cultural studies in wine appreciation. In H. L. Meiselman (Ed.), Handbook of eating & drinking: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 1467-1490). Springer. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-75388-1_168-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14504-0_168

Pillai, R. (2020). A Hinduism of their own: Emerging Guyanese Hindu reading practices in New York City. The Journal of Hindu Studies, 13(2), 122-143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jhs/hiaa010

Poirier, L., Fortun, K., Costelloe-Kuehn, B., & Fortun, M. (2020). Metadata, digital infrastructure, and the data ideologies of cultural anthropology. In J. W. Crowder, M. Fortun, R. Besara, & L. Poirier (Eds.), Anthropological data in the digital age (pp. 209-237). Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24925-0_10

Putra, A.P., Akrim, A., & Dalle, J. (2020). Integration of high-tech communication practices in teaching of biology in indonesian higher education institutions. International Journal of Education and Practice, 8(4), 746–758. doi: 10.18488/journal.61.2020.84.746.758 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.61.2020.84.746.758

Qasim, M., Haq, M. A. u., Hussain, T., & Roshan, C. (2018). Does women well-being matter for demand and development of children? Ekoist: Journal of Econometrics Statistics, 14(29), 169-197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26650/ekoist.2018.14.29.0012

Rawls, J. (1999). The law of peoples: With, "the idea of public reason revisited." Harvard University Press.

Royster, P. D. (2020). Cultural anthropology. In P. D. Royster (Ed.), Decolonizing arts-based methodologies (pp. 56-87). Brill Sense. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004446120_004

Sadeghi, S., Sajjadi, S. N., Nooshabadi, H. R., & Farahani, M. J. (2018). Social-cultural barriers of Muslim women athletes: Case study of professional female athletes in Iran. Journal of Management Practices, Humanities & Social Sciences, 2, 6-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33152/jmphss-2.1.2

Sagiv, Y., Musslick, S., Niv, Y., & Cohen, J. D. (2020). Efficiency of learning vs. processing: Towards a normative theory of multitasking. Cornell University. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.03124.pdf

Sawatsuk, B., Darmawijaya, I. G., Ratchusanti, S., & Phaokrueng, A. (2018). Factors determining the sustainable success of community-based tourism: Evidence of good corporate governance of Mae Kam Pong Homestay, Thailand. International Journal of Business & Economic Affairs, 3(1), 13-20. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.24088/IJBEA-2018-31002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24088/IJBEA-2018-31002

Sen, A. (2017). Elements of a theory of human rights. In T. Brooks (Ed.), Justice and the capabilities approach (pp. 221-262). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315251240-6

Silver, J. R. (2017). Moral foundations, intuitions of justice, and the intricacies of punitive sentiment. Law Society Review, 51(2), 413-450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/lasr.12264

Smith, A. (1822). The Theory of Moral Sentiments (Vol. 1). J. Richardson.

Smith, A. (2017). The wealth of nations & the Theory of Moral Sentiments. e-artnow.

Sorensen, D. P., Miller, S. E., & Cabe, K. L. (2017). Developing and measuring the impact of an accounting ethics course that is based on the moral philosophy of Adam Smith. Journal of Business Ethics, 140(1), 175-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2656-7

Sultana, H. Y., Jamal, M. A., & Najaf, D. -E. (2017). Impact of microfinance on women empowerment through poverty alleviation: An assessment of socio-economic conditions in Chennai city of Tamil Nadu. Asian Journal for Poverty Studies, 3(2).

Thomas, J., & Barbato, M. (2020). Positive religious coping and mental health among Christians and Muslims in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Religions, 11(10), 498. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11100498

Trovão, S., Ramalho, S., & David, I. (2017). Mental health among Asian and African migrant working mothers: New vulnerabilities, old religious coping resources. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 20(2), 162-174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1329816

Tyagi, N. (2020). Gender violence, gender justice and gender-based laws: An analysis of pattern and policies in India and Indonesia. Brawijaya Law Journal, 7(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.blj.2020.007.02.01

Verma, M., Bhal, K. T., & Vrat, P. (2018). Relationship between gender-sensitive practices and family support and its impact on psychological well-being of women employees in call centers in India. Employee Relations, 40(1), 155-172. https://doi.org/10.1108/ERR-10-2016-0187 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-10-2016-0187

Wade, J. C., Suryani, L. K., & Lesmana, C. B. J. (2018). Religiosity, masculinity, and marital and life satisfaction among Balinese Hindu men. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 7(1), 99-114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsp.2018.3006

Wang, N. (2019). Adam Smith. 1790. The Theory of Moral Sentiments, London: A. Strahan. Man-the Economy, 6(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/me-2019-0006

Wasike, C. N. (2017). Financial regulation as moderating, in luence of corporate governance, institutional quality, human capital and irm size on inancial institutions performance in Kenya. Journal of Administrative & Business Studies, 3(6), 292-304. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20474/jabs-3.6.4

Womack, V. (2020). The trauma of Turkish women and children in an era of political unrest. In H. Aydin & W. Langley (Eds.), Human rights in Turkey: Assaults on human dignity (pp. 435-448). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57476-5_19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57476-5_19

World Health Organization. (2017). Consolidated guideline on sexual and reproductive health and rights of women living with HIV. WHO.

Wu, B., & Ida, A. K. (2018). Ethnic diversity, religion, and opinions toward legalizing abortion: The case of Asian Americans. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Studies, 5(1), 94-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/92

Yamamori, K. (2019). Classroom practices of low-cost STEM education using scratch. Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences & Humanities, 4(6), 192-198. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.26500/JARSSH-04-2019-0601 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26500/JARSSH-04-2019-0601

Yuan, B., Li, J., & Wang, Z. (2019). The development of global women’s rights and improvements in reproductive health intervention access of females with different socio-economic status. International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health, 16(23), 4783. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234783

Ziebertz, H. -G. (2020). Support for women rights? An empirical study among German youth. In H. -G. Ziebertz (Ed.), International empirical studies on religion and socioeconomic human rights (pp. 235-260). Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30934-3_9