Systematic Literature Review on Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship: Citation and Thematic Analysis
Abstract views: 1433 / PDF downloads: 664
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/791Keywords:
ethnic minority entrepreneurship, systematic literature review, citation analysis, thematic analysisAbstract
This paper presents a systematic review of the literature on ethnic minority entrepreneurship. A total of 174 articles converging on ethnic minority entrepreneurship, published between 2010 and 2020, were investigated. This paper extends existing knowledge of the sub-areas in ethnic minority entrepreneurship research by focusing on two different angles. Firstly, Citation analysis was performed to review research papers to recognize and classify the key areas of ethnic minority entrepreneurship currently being focused on and examined by the research community. Secondly, Thematic analysis was executed to discover the specific themes that are being researched. The study found seven different themes: immigrant studies, ethnic entrepreneurial motivations, ethnic startup process, motives of ethnic business success, failure factors of ethnic businesses, ethnic unique challenges, and favourite strong ties of ethnic minorities were identified as main themes. The number of research gaps identified should encourage novel paths and scopes in the ethnic minority entrepreneurship research field to fill these gaps in the literature.
Downloads
References
Addo, P. A. (2017). ‘Is it entrepreneurship, or is it survival?’: Gender, community, and innovation in Boston’s Black immigrant micro-enterprise spaces. Societies, 7(3), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc7030020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/soc7030020
Altinay, L., & Wang, C. L. (2011). The influence of an entrepreneur's socio‐cultural characteristics on the entrepreneurial orientation of small firms. Journal of Small Business & Enterprise Development, 18(4), 673-694. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626001111179749 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14626001111179749
Asante, K. T. (2018). Strategic coethnicity: Social capital and entrepreneurial strategies of two Ghanaian migrant businesses. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People & Places in the Global Economy, 12(4), 418-436. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-04-2017-0026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-04-2017-0026
Aygün, T., & Oeser, G. (2017). Challenges and opportunities of Turkish food retail in Germany from a value chain perspective. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 45(3), 308-327. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-03-2016-0039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-03-2016-0039
Bakhru, K. M., Behera, M., & Sharma, A. (2018). Entrepreneurial communities and family enterprises of India: An overview of their emergence and sustained growth. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People & Places in the Global Economy, 12(1) 32-49. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-01-2017-0003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-01-2017-0003
Barrett, G. A., & McEvoy, D. (2013). An emerging African business quarter amid urban decline. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People & Places in the Global Economy, 7(3), 274-292. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-12-2011-0041 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-12-2011-0041
Barrett, G., Jones, T., McEvoy, D., & McGoldrick, C. (2002). The economic embeddedness of immigrant enterprise in Britain. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 8(1/2), 11-31. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550210423697 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550210423697
Basu, A., & Virick, M. (2015). Silicon Valley’s Indian diaspora: Networking and entrepreneurial success. South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 4(2), 190-208. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJGBR-04-2014-0021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJGBR-04-2014-0021
Bates T., Jackson, W. E., & Johnson, J. H. (2007). Introduction: Advancing research on minority entrepreneurship. Annals of the American Academy of Political & Social Science, 613(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207303405 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207303405
Bates, T. (2012). Minority entrepreneurship. Foundations & Trends in Entrepreneurship, 7, (3-4). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2013407 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000036
Bates, T., Bradford, W. D., & Seamans, R. (2018). Minority entrepreneurship in twenty-first century America. Small Business Economics, 50, 415–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9883-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9883-5
Ben, F. (2010). Theories of social capital: Researchers behaving badly (Political economy and development). Pluto Press.
Bishop, D. (2011). The importance of being an insider: How networks influence the small firm's engagement with formal training. Journal of European Industrial Training, 35(4), 326-344. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090591111128315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03090591111128315
Bizri, R. M. (2017). Refugee-entrepreneurship: A social capital perspective. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 29(9–10), 847–868. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2017.1364787 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2017.1364787
Bouk, F. el., Vedder, P., & Poel, Y. te. (2013). The networking behaviour of Moroccan and Turkish immigrant entrepreneurs in two Dutch neighbourhoods: The role of ethnic density. Ethnicities, 13(6), 771–794. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796812471131 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796812471131
Bruder, J., Neuberger, D., & Räthke‐Döppner, S. (2011). Financial constraints of ethnic entrepreneurship: Evidence from Germany. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 17(3), 296-313. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551111130727 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551111130727
Bruin, A. D., Brush, C. G., & Welter, F. (2007). Advancing a framework for coherent research on women‘s entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 31(3), 323-339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00176.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00176.x
Chen, W., Tajeddini, K., Ratten, V., & Tabari, S. (2019). Educational immigrants: Evidence from Chinese young entrepreneurs in the UK. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People & Places in the Global Economy, 13(1/2), 196-215. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-11-2018-0093 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-11-2018-0093
Chu, H. M., Kara, O., Zhu, X., & Gok, K. (2011) Chinese entrepreneurs: Motivations, success factors, problems, and business‐related stress. Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 84-111. https://doi.org/10.1108/17561391111144546 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17561391111144546
Clark, K., & Drinkwater, S. (2000). Pushed out or pulled in? Self-employment among ethnic minorities in England and Wales. Labour Economics, 7(5), 603–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-5371(00)00015-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-5371(00)00015-4
Collins, L. A., & Fakoussa, R. (2015). Ethnic minority entrepreneurship: An examination of Pakistani entrepreneurs in the UK. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-014-0013-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-014-0013-1
Consterdine, E., & Hampshire, J. (2019). Convergence, capitalist diversity, or political volatility? Immigration policy in Western Europe. Journal of European Public Policy, 27(10), 1487–1505. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2019.1674364 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2019.1674364
Dana, L. P. (Ed.). (2007). Handbook of research on ethnic minority entrepreneurship: A co-evolutionary view on resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Dana, L. P., Gurau, C., Light, I., & Muhammad, N. (2020). Family, community, and ethnic capital as entrepreneurial resources: Toward an integrated model. Journal of Small Business Management, 58(5), 1003–1029. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12507 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12507
Dheer, R. J. S. (2018). Entrepreneurship by immigrants: A review of existing literature and directions for future research. International Entrepreneurship & Management Journal, 14(3), 555–614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-018-0506-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-018-0506-7
Erel, U. (2010). Migrating cultural capital: Bourdieu in migration studies. Sociology, 44(4) 642-660. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038510369363 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038510369363
Flap, H., Kumcu A., & Bulder, B. (2000) Social capital and business success. In J. Rath (Ed.), Immigrant businesses: The economic, political and social environment (pp. 142-161). Macmillan Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403905338_9
Fregetto, E. (2004). Immigrant and ethnic entrepreneurship: A US perspective. In H. P. Welsch (Ed.), Entrepreneurship: The way ahead (pp. 253-268). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203356821.ch18
Heelsum, A. (2010). Ethnic entrepreneurship case study: Athens, Greece. Cities for Local Integration Policy Network, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living & Working Conditions. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_publication/ field_ef_document/ef1121en11.pdf
Howell, A. (2018). Ethnic entrepreneurship, initial financing, and business performance in China. Small Business Economics, 52(3), 697–712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9980-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9980-5
Iyer, L., Khanna, T., & Varshney, A. (2013). Caste and entrepreneurship in India. Economic & Political Weekly, 48(6), 52-60. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23391395
Jones, T., Ram, M., Edwards, P., Kiselinchev, A., & Muchenje, L. (2012). New migrant enterprise: Novelty or historical continuity? Urban Studies, 49(14), 3159-3176. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098012439109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098012439109
Kazlou, A., & Klinthall, M. (2019). Entrepreneurial response to changing opportunity structures: Self-selection and incomes among new immigrant entrepreneurs in Sweden. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25(5), 859-879. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-02-2018-0090 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-02-2018-0090
Kerr, S. P., Kerr, W. R., & Xu, T. (2018). Personality traits of entrepreneurs: A review of recent literature. Foundations & Trends® in Entrepreneurship, 14(3), 279–356. https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000080 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000080
Kwon, S., Heflin, C., & Ruef, M. (2013). Community social capital and entrepreneurship. American Sociological Review, 78(6), 980-1008. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0003122413506440 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122413506440
Lam, W., Harris, P., & Yang, S. (2019). Understanding U.K. ethnic minority entrepreneurship from an enterprise culture perspective. Journal of Public Affairs, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1922 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1922
Larson, J. M., & Lewis, J. I. (2016). Ethnic networks. American Journal of Political Science, 61(2), 350–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12282 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12282
Laurence, J. (2011). The effect of ethnic diversity and community disadvantage on social cohesion: A multi-level analysis of social capital and interethnic relations in UK communities. European Sociological Review, 27(1), 70-89. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41236573 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcp057
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Learning in doing: Social, cognitive, and computational perspectives. Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815355 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815355
Lüdeke‐Freund, F. (2019). Sustainable entrepreneurship, innovation, and business models: Integrative framework and propositions for future research. Business Strategy & the Environment, 29(2), 665–681. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2396 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2396
Maleki, A. H., Cullen, J. B., & Sahaym, A. (2018). Social trust, Trust in governments and entrepreneurial intentions: A cross-national analysis. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2018(1), 10899. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.10899abstract DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2018.10899abstract
Manzoor, F., Wei, L., Nurunnabi, M., & Abdul Subhan, Q. (2019). Role of SME in poverty alleviation in SAARC region via panel data analysis. Sustainability, 11(22), 6480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226480 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226480
Masurel, E., Nijkamp, P., & Vindigni, G. (2004). Breeding places for ethnic entrepreneurs: A comparative marketing approach. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 16(1), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/0898562042000205045 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0898562042000205045
McPherson, M. (2010). Business practices within South Asian family and non‐family firms: A comparative study. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 16(5), 389-413. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551011071878 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551011071878
Mendy, J., & Hack-Polay, D. (2018). Learning from failure. Journal of Small Business & Enterprise Development, 25(2), 330–343. https://doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-11-2017-0332 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-11-2017-0332
Moghaddam, K. (2015). The ingredients of a success recipe: An exploratory study of diaspora opportunity entrepreneurship. South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 4(2), 162-189. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJGBR-08-2014-0058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJGBR-08-2014-0058
Nwankwo, S., & Gbadamosi, A. (2013). Faith and entrepreneurship among the British African‐Caribbean: Intersections between religious and entrepreneurial values. Journal of Small Business & Enterprise Development, 20(3), 618-633. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-04-2013-0066 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-04-2013-0066
OECD. (2017). Enhancing the contributions of SMEs in a global and digitalized economy. Meeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level, 1, 7–8. https://www.oecd.org/mcm/documents/C-MIN-2017-8-EN.pdf
Osewa‐Ediae, C. (2011). Assessing the sustainability of London based Black African SMEs. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management & Sustainable Development, 7(1), 59-80. https://doi.org/10.1108/20425961201000031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/20425961201000031
Ostrovsky, Y., Picot, G., & Leung, D. (2018). The financing of immigrant-owned firms in Canada. Small Business Economics, 52(1), 303–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0020-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0020-x
Parboteeah, K. P., Walter, S. G., & Block, J. H. (2015). When does Christian religion matter for entrepreneurial activity? The contingent effect of a country’s investments into knowledge. Journal of Business Ethics, 130, 447–465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2239-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2239-z
Piperopoulos, P. (2010). Ethnic minority businesses and immigrant entrepreneurship in Greece. Journal of Small Business & Enterprise Development, 17(1), 139-158. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/14626001011019170 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14626001011019170
Ram, M., Edwards, P., Meardi, G., Jones, T., Doldor, S., Kispeter, E., & Villares-Varela, M. (2017). Non-compliance and the national living wage: Case study evidence from ethnic minority and migrant-owned businesses. Low Pay Commission. Retrieved April 6, 2021, from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/ attachment_data/file/660578/RamEdwardsMeardiJonesDoldorKispeterVillares-Varela_FINAL_2017_Report.pdf
Ram, M., Woldesenbet, K., & Jones, T. (2011). Raising the ‘table stakes’? Ethnic minority businesses and supply chain relationships. Environment and Planning C: Government & Policy, 25(2), 309-326. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017011398896 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017011398896
Rath, J., & Swagerman, A. (2016). Promoting ethnic entrepreneurship in European cities: Sometimes ambitious, mostly absent, rarely addressing structural features. International Migration Review, 54(1), 152–166. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12215 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12215
Rogerson, C. M. (2013). Improving market access opportunities for urban small, medium and micro-enterprises in South Africa. Urbani Izziv, 24(2), 133-143. https://doi.org/ 10.5379/ Urbani-izziv-en-2013-24-02-005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2013-24-02-005
Roth, W. D., Seidel, M. ‐D. L., Ma, D., & Lo, E. (2012). In and out of the ethnic economy: A longitudinal analysis of ethnic networks and pathways to economic success across Immigrant Categories1. International Migration Review, 46(2), 310-361. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2012.00889.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2012.00889.x
Samaratunge, R., Barrett, R., & Rajapakse, T. (2015). Sri Lankan entrepreneurs in Australia: Chance or choice? Journal of Small Business & Enterprise Development, 22(4), 782-796. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-09-2013-0127 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-09-2013-0127
Santarelli, E., & Tran, H. (2013). The interplay of human and social capital in shaping entrepreneurial performance: The case of Vietnam. Small Business Economics, 40(2), 435-458. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23361008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-012-9427-y
Sarasvathy, S. (2001). Causation and effectuation: Toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingency. The Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 243-263. https://doi.org/10.2307/259121 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2001.4378020
Selvarajah, C., & Masli, E. K. (2011). Ethnic entrepreneurial business cluster development: Chinatowns in Melbourne. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 5(1), 42-60. https://doi.org/10.1108/15587891111100796 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/15587891111100796
Sepulveda, L., Syrett, S., & Lyon, F. (2011). Population super-diversity and new migrant enterprise: The case of London. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 23(7-8), 469–497. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620903420211 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620903420211
Shin, K. -H. (2014). Korean entrepreneurs in Kansas City metropolitan area: An immigrant community under ethnic local and global intersection. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People & Places in the Global Economy, 8(4), 287-299. https://doi. org/10.1108/JEC-11-2013-0034 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-11-2013-0034
Sithas, M. T. M., & Dissanayake, D. M. R. (2019). Social network and ethnic minority entrepreneurship: A theoretical review and practices. Archives of Business Research, 7(6), 1-8
Smith, O. M., Tang, R. Y. W., &San Miguel, P. (2012). Arab American entrepreneurship in Detroit, Michigan. American Journal of Business, 27(1), 58-79. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/19355181211217643 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/19355181211217643
Thomsen, L. (2011). Business-state relations in the differentiated private sector in Vietnam: Access to capital and land. Asian Journal of Social Science, 39(5), 627-651. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43497846 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156853111X608320
Ullah, F., Rahman, M. Z., Smith, R., &Beloucif, A. (2016). What influences ethnic entrepreneurs’ decision to startup: Some evidence from Aberdeen, Scotland. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 23(4), 1081-1103. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-12-2015-0182 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-12-2015-0182
Verkuyten, M. (2018). The social psychology of ethnic identity (European Monographs in Social Psychology (2nd ed.). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315109527
Vespa, J., Medina, L., & Armstrong, D. (2020). Demographic turning points for the United States: Population projections for 2020 to 2060. Current Population Reports, P25-1144, 1–15. https://census.gov/programs-surveys/popproj.html
Villanueva, C. E., Angeles, A., & Revilla, L. C. (2018). Tying strong ties in informal entrepreneurship: A constraint or an entrepreneurial driver? Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 23(01), 1850002. https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946718500024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946718500024
Waldinger, R. D., Aldrich, H., & Ward, R. (Eds.). (1990). Ethnic entrepreneurs. Immigrant businesses in industrial societies. SAGE Publishing.
Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511803932 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511803932
Wilson, K., & Portes, A. (1980). Immigrant enclaves: An analysis of the labor market experiences of Cubans in Miami. American Journal of Sociology, 86(2), 295-319. Retrieved June 6, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2778666 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/227240
Wong, L., & Primecz, H. (2011). Chinese migrant entrepreneurs in Budapest: Changing entrepreneurial effects and forms. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 5(1), 61-76. https://doi.org/10.1108/15587891111100804 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/15587891111100804
World Bank. (2019). Drivers of socio-economic development among ethnic minority groups in Vietnam. Washington, DC: World Bank. Retrieved April 6, 2021, from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/32307
Xheneti, M. (2021). Policies for promoting entrepreneurship as a means of increasing social inclusion. The Palgrave Handbook of Minority Entrepreneurship, 485–502. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66603-3_22 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66603-3_22
Yazdanfar, D., Abbasian, S., & Brouder, P. (2015). Business advice strategies of immigrant entrepreneurs in Sweden. Baltic Journal of Management, 10(1) 98-118. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-01-2014-0018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-01-2014-0018
Zelekha, Y., Avnimelech, G., & Sharabi, E. (2014). Religious institutions and entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 42(4), 747-767. Retrieved March 13, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43552959 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-9496-6
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
By submitting a manuscript to JECS, authors agree to transfer without charge the following rights to JECS upon acceptance of the manuscript: first worldwide publication rights and the right for JECS to grant permissions as JECS editors judge appropriate for the redistribution of the article, its abstract, and its metadata in professional indexing and reference services. Any revenues from such redistribution are used solely to support the continued publication and distribution of articles.
Accepted 2021-06-14
Published 2021-06-25