Cultivating Capital for High School Newcomers: A Case Study of an Urban Newcomer Classroom
Abstract views: 13260 / PDF downloads: 1367
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/233Keywords:
newcomers, English learners, social and cultural capital, newcomer programsAbstract
This qualitative case study examines how students in a high school newcomer program experience the development of social and cultural capital. Newcomer programs are created by K-12 schools with large influxes of refugees and immigrants. This case study data stems from a larger ethnographic study of a newcomer program at Georgetown High, an urban secondary school in the Northeast region of the United States. Using Bourdieu’s (1986) social and cultural capital theory as a framework for the study we provide an overview of the literature on the importance of helping newcomers build social and cultural capital. Themes arising from the data as representations of the experiences of newcomers building capital and the role of the teacher in that development is explored further. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications of the case for research, policy, and practice.Downloads
References
Albers, S., Hellermann, J., & Harris K. (2007). A case of a student with little prior formal education: Success and interactional practices in the language classroom. Proceedings of the third annual forum for low-educated second language and literacy acquisition: Research, policy, and practice, 109-124.
Alogali, A. (2018). World Englishes: Changing the Paradigm of Linguistic Diversity in Global Academia. Research In Social Sciences And Technology, 3(1), 54-73. Retrieved from http://ressat.org/index.php/ressat/article/view/342 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46303/ressat.03.01.4
Bigelow, M. H. (2007). Social and cultural capital at school: The case of a Somali teenage girl. Literacy Institute at Virginia Commonwealth University, 7-22. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.513.8670&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Borden, R. S. (2014). The English Only Movement: Revisiting Cultural Hegemony. Multicultural Perspectives, 16(4), 229–233. doi:10.1080/15210960.2014.956607 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15210960.2014.956607
Bourdieu, P. (1973). The three forms of theoretical knowledge. Information (International Social Science Council), 12(1), 53–80. doi:10.1177/053901847301200103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/053901847301200103
Bourdieu, P. (1977). The production of belief: Contribution to an economy of symbolic goods. Media, Culture, and Society, 2, 261-293. doi:10.1177/016344378000200305 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/016344378000200305
Bourdieu, P. (1979). Symbolic Power. Critique of Anthropology, 4(13–14), 77–85. doi:10.1177/0308275X7900401307 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X7900401307
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. Cultural theory: An anthology. Wiley-Blackwell.
Bourdieu, P. (1998). Practical reason: On the theory of action. Stanford: Stanford University.
Bourdieu, P., & Passeron, J. C. (1977). Reproduction in education, society, and culture. London: Sage.
Brooks, K., & Karathanos, K. (2009). Building on the cultural and linguistic capital of English learner (EL) students. Multicultural Education, 16(4), 47-51. Retrieved from http://uri.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eft&AN=508077498&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Callahan, R. M., & Shifrer, D. (2016). Equitable Access for Secondary English Learner Students: Course Taking as Evidence of EL Program Effectiveness. Educational Administration Quarterly, 52(3), 463–496. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X16648190 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X16648190
Carr, E. R., & Incetas, Y. (2018). Perceptions & Experiences of Non-Muslim Minority Students on the Muslim Image. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 5(2), 43-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/107
Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory, Second Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Curry, M. J. (2001). Adult ESL students in the contact zone: Exploring the effects of multiple educational attainment levels on the community college writing classroom. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED454706
Curry, M. J. (2003). Skills, access, and ‘basic writing’: A community college case study from the United States. Studies in the Education of Adults, 35(1), 5–18. Retrieved from http://uri.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eft&AN=507822046&site=ehost-live&scope=site DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02660830.2003.11661471
Curry, M. J. (2007). A “head start and a credit”: Analyzing cultural capital in the basic writing/ESOL classroom. Pierre Bourdieu and literacy education, 291-310. Routledge.
Dimitriadou, A. (2006). Formation of social capital for refugee students: An exploration of ESOL settings in two further education colleges. The Journal of Doctoral Research in Education, 4(1), 31-45.
Dotson, J. M. (2001). Cooperative learning structures can increase student achievement. Kagan Online Magazine, Retrieved from: https://www.kaganonline.com/free_articles/research_and_ rationale/ increase_achievement.php
Echevarria, J., Vogt, M., & Short, D. J. (2008). Making content comprehensible for English learners: The SIOP model. Pearson. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/CGP/v14i11/45514
Estrada, P. (2014). English learner curricular streams in four middle schools: Triage in the trenches. Urban Review, 46, 535- 573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-014-0276-7
Faltis, C., & Arias, B. (2007). English language learners task force: A response to the proposed structured English immersion models. ELL Task Force Hearings.
Farbman, D. A. (2015). Giving English language learners the time they need to succeed profiles of three expanded learning time schools. The National Center on Time & Learning (NCTL). Retrieved from https://www.timeandlearning.org/sites/default/files/resources/ell_report_12.14.15.pdf
Feinberg, R. C. (2000). Newcomer schools: Salvation or segregated oblivion for immigrant Students? Theory Into Practice, 39(4), 220-227. doi:10.1207/s15430421tip3904_5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip3904_5
Friedlander, M. (1991). The newcomer program: Helping immigrant students succeed in U.S. schools (Program Information Guide No. 8). Washington, DC: National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education.
Gándara, P., Rumberger, R., Maxwell-Jolly, J., & Callahan, R. (2003). English learners in California schools: Unequal resources, unequal outcomes. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 11(36). doi:10.14507/epaa.v11n36.2003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v11n36.2003
Gibson, M. A., & Bejinez, L. F. (2002). Dropout prevention: How migrant education supports Mexican youth. Journal of Latinos and Education, 1(3), 155-175. doi:10.1207/S1532771XJLE0103_2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532771XJLE0103_2
Gonzales, R. G. (2010). On the wrong side of the tracks: Understanding the effects of school structure and social capital in the educational pursuits of undocumented immigrant students. Peabody Journal of Education, 85(4), 469-485. doi:10.1080/0161956X.2010.518039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2010.518039
Hellermann, J. (2007). The development of practices for action in classroom dyadic interaction: Focus on task openings. The Modern Language Journal, 91(1), 83-96. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.2007.00503.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2007.00503.x
Hones, & Cha. (1999). Educating new Americans. New York: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410603630
Hopkins, M., Martinez-Wenzl, M., Aldana, U.S., & Gandara, P. (2013). Cultivating capital: Latino newcomer young men in a U.S. urban high school. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 44(3), 286-303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aeq.12026
Hos, R. (2016). Caring is not enough: Teachers’ Enactment of Ethical Care for Adolescent Students with Limited or Interrupted Formal Education (SLIFE) in a Newcomer Classroom. Education and Urban Society, 48, 479-503. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124514536440
James, G. (2018). A narrative inquiry perspective into coping mechanisms of international postgraduate students’ transition experiences. American Journal of Qualitative Research, 2(1), 41-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/5793
Kanno, Y. (2018). High-performing English learners’ limited access to four-year college. Teachers College Record. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811812000405
Kao, G. (2004). Social capital and its relevance to minority and immigrant populations. Sociology of Education, 77(2), 172-183. doi:10.1177/003804070407700204 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/003804070407700204
Kenna, J., & Russell III, W. (2018). The Culture and History of Standards-Based Educational Reform and Social Studies in America. Journal of Culture and Values in Education, 1(1), 26-49. Retrieved from http://cultureandvalues.org/index.php/JCV/article/view/2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46303/jcve.01.01.3
Kustati, M., & Al-Azmi, H. (2018). Pre-Service Teachers’ Attitude on ELT Research. Research in Social Sciences and Technology, 3(2), 1-13. Retrieved from http://ressat.org/index.php/ressat/article/view/47 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46303/ressat.03.02.1
Kvale, S. (1996). Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. CA: Sage Publications.
Lee, S. J. (1996). Unraveling the “model minority” stereotype. New York: Teachers College Press.
Lee, S. J., & Walsh, D. (2015). Welcoming immigrant students with a high-quality education. Phi Delta Kappan, 97(4), 46-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721715619919
Lemke, J. (2007). Video epistemology in-and-outside the box: Traversing attentional spaces. In R. Goldman, R. Pea, B. Barron & S. Derry (Eds.), Video research in the learning sciences (pp. 39-52). London: Erlbaum.
Liang, X. (2012). Language as investment, capital, and economics: Spanish-speaking English learners’ language use and attitudes. International Journal of English Linguistics, 2(6), 1-16. doi:10.5539/ijel.v2n6p1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v2n6p1
Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. (2006). Designing qualitative research (4th ed.). London: Sage.
Márque, J., Peña, C., Jones, L., Orange, A., & Simieou, F. (2018). Academic success and resiliency factors: A case study of unaccompanied immigrant children. American Journal of Qualitative Research, 2(1), 162-181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/5797
Mays, L. (2008). The cultural divide of discourse: Understanding how English-language learners' primary discourse influences acquisition of literacy. The Reading Teacher, 61(5), 415-418. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/20204605?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents DOI: https://doi.org/10.1598/RT.61.5.6
Merriam, S. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (Revised and expanded from 'Qualitative research and case study applications in education'). Hoboken, NJ: Jossey-Bass (Wiley).
Merriam, S. B. (1998). Case study research in education: A qualitative approach. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Miller, K. F., & Zhou, X. (2007). Learning from classroom video: What makes it compelling and what makes it hard. In R. Goldman, R. Pea, B. Barron, & S. J. Derry (Eds.), Video research in the learning sciences (pp. 321-334). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Niehaus, K., & Adelson, J. L. (2014). School support, parental involvement, and academic and social-emotional outcomes for English language learners. American Educational Research Journal, 51(4), 810-844. doi:10.3102/0002831214531323 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831214531323
Noguera, P. A. (2004). Social capital and the education of immigrant students: Categories and generalizations. Sociology of Education, 77(2), 180–183. doi:10.1177/003804070407700206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/003804070407700206
OECD. (2015). Helping immigrant students to succeed at school – and beyond. Retrieved from: https://www.oecd.org/education/Helping-immigrant-students-to-succeed-at-school-and-beyond.pdf
Ogbu, J. U., & Simons, H. D. (1998). Voluntary and involuntary minorities: A cultural‐ecological theory of school performance with some implications for education. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 29, 155-188. doi:10.1525/aeq.1998.29.2.155 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/aeq.1998.29.2.155
Orfield, G., Frankenberg, E. D., & Lee, C. (2003). The resurgence of school segregation. Educational Leadership, 60(4), 16-20. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ659146
Park, H. (2018). Influences of reading online texts in Korean English language learners' cultural identities. The Journal of Educational Research, 111(4), 385-397. doi:10.1080/00220671.2017.1284038 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2017.1284038
Pollock, D. (2018). Using cultural capital in the ESL classroom: One teacher’s journey. Issues in Language Instruction, 7 (1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17161/ili.v7i1.7569
Portes, A., & Rumbaut, R. G. (2001). Legacies: The story of the immigrant second generation. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Rudd , T. (2003). ICT and the reproduction of inequalities: a Bourdieuian perspective . (PhD thesis). Graduate School of Education, University of Bristol.
Short, D. J., & Boyson , B. A. (2003). Secondary school newcomer programs in the United States. Center for Research on Education, Diversity & Excellence. doi:10.1.1.488.91&rep=rep1&type=pdf|
Straubhaar, R. (2013). Student use of aspirational and linguistic social capital in an urban immigrant-centered English immersion high school. The High School Journal, 97(2), 92-106. doi:10.1353/hsj.2013.0026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/hsj.2013.0026
St. John, E. P., Hu, S., & Fisher, A. S. (2011). Breaking through the access barrier: Academic capital formation informing public policy. New York: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203849019
Suarez‐Orozco, M. M. (1987). “Becoming somebody”: Central American immigrants in US inner‐city schools. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 18(4), 287-299. doi:10.1525/aeq.1987.18.4.04x0020t DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/aeq.1987.18.4.04x0020t
Tang, S. (2015). Social capital and determinants of immigrant family educational involvement. The Journal of Educational Research, 108(1), 22-34. doi:10.1080/00220671.2013.833076 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2013.833076
Thomas, G. (2012). How to do your case study–a guide for students and researchers. London: SAGE Publications.
Trueba, H,. T. (2002). Multiple ethnic, racial, and cultural identities in action: From marginality to a new cultural capital in modern society. Journal of Latinos and education, 1(1), 7-28. doi:10.1207/S1532771XJLE0101_2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532771XJLE0101_2
U.S. Department of Education, Office of English Language Acquisition (2017). English Learner Tool Kit. Washington, DC: Author.
U.S. Department of Education, Office of English Language Acquisition. (2017). Newcomer Tool Kit. Washington, DC: Author.
Valenzuela, A., & Rubio, B. (2018). Subtractive schooling. The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching. doi:10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0139 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0139
Wagner, C. L., & Gimenez, M. E. (2008). Does community-based collaborative resource management increase social capital? Society and Natural Resources, 21(4), 324-344. doi:10.1080/08941920701864344 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920701864344
Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Zhou, M., & Bankston, C. L. (1996). The ethnic church, ethnic identification, and the social adjustment of Vietnamese adolescents. Review of Religious Research, 38(1), 18-37. doi:10.2307/3512538 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3512538
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
By submitting a manuscript to JECS, authors agree to transfer without charge the following rights to JECS upon acceptance of the manuscript: first worldwide publication rights and the right for JECS to grant permissions as JECS editors judge appropriate for the redistribution of the article, its abstract, and its metadata in professional indexing and reference services. Any revenues from such redistribution are used solely to support the continued publication and distribution of articles.
Accepted 2019-05-22
Published 2019-06-23