Higher Education’s Care/Control of Refugee and Displaced Students


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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/2212

Keywords:

forced migration, higher education, refugees, social cartography, student affairs, bordering

Abstract

There is growing interest in higher education’s intersections with displacement, a term used here to encompass the movement of refugees, asylum seekers, and those from otherwise forced or precarious international migration backgrounds. In particular, higher education institutions’ infrastructure and student support services are sometimes leveraged in response to displacement crises. Here, we propose a conceptual distinction between higher education’s reception and recruitment of displaced students, which share similar characteristics yet function in structurally different ways. We then consider how the modern/colonial global imaginary informs higher education’s relationship to bordering regimes and the framing of displaced students. We suggest that in addition to being problematically positioned as ‘charity’ - and, to a lesser extent, ‘cash,’ ‘competition,’ and ‘labor’ - some displaced students are also produced as ‘threats’ by bordering regimes. This highlights the importance of recognizing the ‘care/control nexus’ – that is, how care simultaneously operates as a form of control in the context of humanitarianism. We suggest the concept of ‘implicated subjects’ can help those embedded in higher education institutions move beyond overly simplistic victim/perpetrator/bystander categorizations in relation to supporting displaced students. We also offer one social cartography and two sets of hyper-self-reflexive questions as pedagogical tools to examine the imprint of a colonial system on both our higher education institutions and those of us who work within them. We suggest adopting an ongoing practice of hyper-self-reflexivity in order to respond differently to the impacts of current displacement crises and better prepare us for those to come.

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Author Biographies

Lisa Ruth Brunner, University of British Columbia

Dr. Lisa Ruth Brunner is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Centre for Migration Studies at the University of British Columbia. She conducts critical interdisciplinary research on international migration and education, focusing on international student mobility, higher/adult education, refugee resettlement, and citizenship. She has over a decade of professional experience as an international student advisor and has conducted multiple research, public policy, and curriculum design projects with the newcomer settlement sector in Canada and the United States. She has been a Regulated Canadian Immigration Consultant since 2014.

Takhmina Shokirova

Dr. Takhmina Shokirova is a contract teaching faculty member in the Faculty of Social Work at Wilfrid Laurier University. Her research examines the lived experiences of migrant communities globally, exploring how immigrant communities navigate and renegotiate gender power dynamics amid (im)mobility. Takhmina also studies the settlement and university experiences of international students and their partners in Canada.

Mostafa Gamal

Dr. Mostafa Gamal is a lecturer in the Division of Psychology, Sociology and Education at Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland. He is currently the co-Programme Leader for the Education Studies programme. His work brings into conversation Global Citizenship Education, Education for Sustainability and migration studies. He is currently leading a research cluster which considers these interrelated strands through a post/decolonial lens.

Sharon Stein

Dr. Sharon Stein is an Associate Professor in the Department of Educational Studies at the University of British Columbia. Her work examines the challenges of confronting difficult truths about colonialism and climate change in different fields of study and practice, and the complexities and paradoxes of enacting regenerative forms of social and institutional change.  She is the author of Unsettling the University: Confronting the Colonial Foundations of US Higher Education, founder of the Critical Internationalization Studies Network, and a co-founder of the Gesturing Towards Decolonial Futures Collective.

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2025-03-29

How to Cite

Brunner, L. R. ., Shokirova , T. ., Gamal, M. ., & Stein , S. . (2025). Higher Education’s Care/Control of Refugee and Displaced Students. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 12(2), 11–33. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/2212
Received 2024-07-28
Accepted 2024-12-04
Published 2025-03-29