How Does Self-Sacrificial Leadership Affect Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Hiding?: Organization's Cultural Prospective

R Sabrina; Emilda Sulasmi; A Akrim

doi:10.29333/ejecs/1165

Authors

R Sabrina Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
Emilda Sulasmi Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
A Akrim Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/1165

Keywords:

self-sacrificial leadership, intrinsic motivation, trust, knowledge sharing, knowledge hiding, social exchange theory.

Abstract

Grounded in Social-Exchange Theory, the current study examines the association of self-sacrificial leadership with employees' knowledge sharing and knowledge-hiding behavior. Moreover, the mediatory role of employees' trust and intrinsic motivation was also investigated. The current study focused on self-sacrificial leadership outcomes while exploring underlying mechanisms to achieve those outcomes, specifically in SMEs in Indonesia. Using a longitudinal field survey, data were collected from 457 employees working at different levels in small and medium enterprises in Medan city, Indonesia. The results showed that self-sacrificial leadership was positively and significantly associated with the employees' knowledge-sharing behavior, while self-sacrificial leadership was negatively associated with employees' knowledge-hiding behavior. The results also revealed the interplay of employees' trust and intrinsic motivation between the link of self-sacrificial leadership and employees' knowledge sharing and knowledge hiding behaviors. Thus, it shows an exchange process of converting self-scarifying leaders' efforts into building trust among employees and intrinsically motivating them to share knowledge among peers and demotivate them from hiding knowledge.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

R Sabrina, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

Department of Management

References

Ahmad, F., & Guzmán, F. (2020). Brand equity, online reviews, and message trust: The moderating role of persuasion knowledge. Journal of Product Brand Management, 30(4), 549-564. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-09-2019-2564

Ali, H. (2019). Impact of despotic leadership on employee’s performance with the mediating role of anger rumination and moderating role of trait anxiety. Capital University.

Arsawan, I. W. E., Koval, V., Rajiani, I., Rustiarini, N. W., Supartha, W. G., & Suryantini, N. P. S. (2020). Leveraging knowledge sharing and innovation culture into SMEs sustainable competitive advantage. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 71(2), 405-428. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-04-2020-0192

Babič, K., Černe, M., Connelly, C. E., Dysvik, A., & Škerlavaj, M. (2019). Are we in this together? Knowledge hiding in teams, collective prosocial motivation and leader-member exchange. Journal of Knowledge Management, 23(8), 1502-1522.

Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y., & Phillips, L. W. (1991). Assessing construct validity in organizational research. Administrative science quarterly, 36(3), 421-458. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393203

Bao, G., Xu, B., & Zhang, Z. (2016). Employees’ trust and their knowledge sharing and integration: The mediating roles of organizational identification and organization-based self-esteem. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 14(3), 362-375.

Brown, S., Gray, D., McHardy, J., & Taylor, K. (2015). Employee trust and workplace performance. Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, 116, 361-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2015.05.001

Chen, H., Nunes, M. B., Ragsdell, G., & An, X. (2018). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation for experience grounded tacit knowledge sharing in Chinese software organisations. Journal of Knowledge Management, 22(2), 478-498.

Cheng, Z., & Zhu, C. (2021). Academic members’ perceptions of educational leadership and perceived need for leadership capacity building in Chinese higher education institutions. Chinese Education & Society, 54(5-6), 171-189.

Choi, Y., & Mai-Dalton, R. R. (1998). On the leadership function of self-sacrifice. The Leadership Quarterly, 9(4), 475-501.

Chuang, S.-H. (2020). Co-creating social media agility to build strong customer-firm relationships. Industrial Marketing Management, 84, 202-211. https://doi/org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2019.06.012

Connelly, C. E., Černe, M., Dysvik, A., & Škerlavaj, M. (2019). Understanding knowledge hiding in organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(7), 779-782.

Curado, C., & Vieira, S. (2019). Trust, knowledge sharing and organizational commitment in SMEs. Personnel Review, 48(6), 1449-1468.

Dalle, J., Hastuti, D. (2017). Prototype decision support system selecting employee for certain position using profile matching. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 12(2), 183-185.

de Almeida, F. C., Lesca, H., & Canton, A. W. (2016). Intrinsic motivation for knowledge sharing–competitive intelligence process in a telecom company. Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(6), 1282-1301.

De Cremer, D., Mayer, D. M., Van Dijke, M., Schouten, B. C., & Bardes, M. (2009). When does self-sacrificial leadership motivate prosocial behavior? It depends on followers’ prevention focus. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(4), 887.

De Cremer, D., van Dijke, M., & Bos, A. (2004). Distributive justice moderating the effects of self‐sacrificial leadership. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 25(5), 466-475. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730410544773

De Cremer, D., van Knippenberg, D., van Dijke, M., & Bos, A. E. (2006a). Self-sacrificial leadership and follower self-esteem: When collective identification matters. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 10(3), 233-245. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2699.10.3.233

Dong, Y., Liao, H., Chuang, A., Zhou, J., & Campbell, E. M. (2015). Fostering employee service creativity: Joint effects of customer empowering behaviors and supervisory empowering leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(5), 1364-1380. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038969

Durst, S., & Zieba, M. (2017). Knowledge risks-towards a taxonomy. International Journal of Business Environment, 9(1), 51-63.

Eggers, F. (2020). Masters of disasters? Challenges and opportunities for SMEs in times of crisis. Journal of Business Research, 116, 199-208.

Feusner, J. D., Lidström, A., Moody, T. D., Dhejne, C., Bookheimer, S. Y., & Savic, I. (2017). Intrinsic network connectivity and own body perception in gender dysphoria. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 11(4), 964-976.

Grimstad, S. M. F., Glavee-Geo, R., & Fjørtoft, B. E. (2020). SMEs motivations for CSR: an exploratory study. European Business Review, 91(2), 325-346.

Halverson, S. K., Holladay, C. L., Kazama, S. M., & Quiñones, M. A. J. T. L. Q. (2004). Self-sacrificial behavior in crisis situations: The competing roles of behavioral and situational factors. 15(2), 263-275.

Han, Z., Wang, Q., & Yan, X. J. S. (2019). How responsible leadership motivates employees to engage in organizational citizenship behavior for the environment: A double-mediation model. Sustainability, 11(3), Article 605. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030605

Harter, S. (1981). A new self-report scale of intrinsic versus extrinsic orientation in the classroom: Motivational and informational components. Developmental Psychology, 17(3), 300-312. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.17.3.300

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43(1), 115-135.

Hu, X., & Jiang, Z. (2018). Employee-oriented HRM and voice behavior: a moderated mediation model of moral identity and trust in management. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(5), 746-771.

Jungert, T., Koestner, R. F., Houlfort, N., & Schattke, K. (2013). Distinguishing source of autonomy support in relation to workers' motivation and self-efficacy. The Journal of Social Psychology, 153(6), 651-666.

Kelloway, E. K., Turner, N., Barling, J., & Loughlin, C. (2012). Transformational leadership and employee psychological well-being: The mediating role of employee trust in leadership. Work Stress, 26(1), 39-55.

Kiani, I., & Laroche, M. (2019). From desire to help to taking action: Effects of personal traits and social media on market mavens’ diffusion of information. Psychology & Marketing, 36(12), 1147-1161. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21263

Kim, N., & Shim, C. (2018). Social capital, knowledge sharing and innovation of small-and medium-sized enterprises in a tourism cluster. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(6), 2417-2437. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2016-0392

Kuvaas, B., & Dysvik, A. (2009). Perceived investment in employee development, intrinsic motivation and work performance. Human resource management journal, 19(3), 217-236.

Liang, T.-P., Liu, C.-C., & Wu, C.-H. (2008). Can social exchange theory explain individual knowledge-sharing behavior? A meta-analysis. Paper presented at the ICIS proceedings.

Liang, X., & Fan, J. (2020). Self-sacrificial leadership and employee creativity: The mediating role of psychological safety. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 48(12), 1-9.

Lin, H.-F. (2007). Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on employee knowledge sharing intentions. Journal of Information Science, 33(2), 135-149.

Linawati, N., Moeljadi, M., Djumahir, D., & Aisjah, S. (2020). The Role of Peer to Peer Lending in Increasing Funding for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises. Paper presented at the SHS Web of Conferences.

Liu, X., Wen, J., Zhang, L., & Chen, Y. J. I. J. o. H. M. (2021). Does organizational collectivist culture breed self-sacrificial leadership? Testing a moderated mediation model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94(2), Article 102862. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102862

Luczak, C., & Kalbag, A. (2018). The appropriateness and effectiveness of cross-aged peer mentoring in the learning environment. International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 4(2), 76-84. https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.4.10003-2

Madhu, B., & Krishnan, V. R. (2005). Impact of transformational leadership and karma-yoga on organizational citizenship behavior. Prestige Journal of Management Research, 9(1), 1-20.

Malik, O. F., Shahzad, A., Raziq, M. M., Khan, M. M., Yusaf, S., & Khan, A. (2019). Perceptions of organizational politics, knowledge hiding, and employee creativity: The moderating role of professional commitment. Personality Individual Differences, 142, 232-237.

Malinga, K.S., Stander, M., Nell, W. (2019). Positive Leadership: Moving Towards an Integrated Definition and Interventions. In: Van Zyl, L., Rothmann Sr., S. (eds) Theoretical Approaches to Multi-Cultural Positive Psychological Interventions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20583-6_9

Mansoor, M. (2021). Citizens' trust in government as a function of good governance and government agency's provision of quality information on social media during COVID-19. Government Information Quarterly, 38(4), Article 101597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101597

Mansoor, M., & Paul, J. (2022). Impact of energy efficiency-based ICT adoptions on prosumers and consumers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 331, Article 130008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130008

Mansoor, M., & Wijaksana, T. I. (2021). Predictors of pro-environmental behavior: Moderating role of knowledge sharing and mediatory role of perceived environmental responsibility. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2021.2016380

Mostafa, A. M. S., & Bottomley, P. A. (2020). Self-sacrificial leadership and employee behaviours: an examination of the role of organizational social capital. Journal of business ethics, 161(3), 641-652.

Nedal, O. A., & Alcoriza, M. G. O. (2018). Challenges in education: The untold story of students in Lanao Kapanglao, Glan, Sarangani province. Journal of Advances in Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(3), 118-126. https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss-4.3.1

Newman, A., Cooper, B., Holland, P., Miao, Q., & Teicher, J. (2019). How do industrial relations climate and union instrumentality enhance employee performance? The mediating effects of perceived job security and trust in management. Human resource management, 58(1), 35-44.

Ngamvichaikit, A., & Beise-Zee, R. (2014). Customer preference for decision authority in credence services. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 24(3), 274-299. https://doi.org/10.1108/msq-03-2013-0033

Nikandrou, I., Papalexandris, N., & Bourantas, D. (2000). Gaining employee trust after acquisition. Employee Relations, 22(4), 334-355. https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450010340344

Noda, T. (2020). Employee trust in management and mutual gains hypothesis in Japanese firms. Journal of the Japanese International Economies, 55, Article 101062. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jjie.2020.101062

Noor, U., Mansoor, M., & Rabbani, S. (2021). Brand hate and retaliation in Muslim consumers: Does offensive advertising matter? Journal of Islamic Marketing. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-10-2020-0316

O'dwyer, M., Gilmore, A., & Carson, D. (2009). Innovative marketing in SMEs. European Journal of Marketing, 43(1/2), 46-61. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560910923238

Ogunmokun, O. A., Eluwole, K. K., Avci, T., Lasisi, T. T., & Ikhide, J. E. (2020). Propensity to trust and knowledge sharing behavior: An evaluation of importance-performance analysis among Nigerian restaurant employees. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100590

Olatokun, W., & Nwafor, C. I. (2012). The effect of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on knowledge sharing intentions of civil servants in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Information Development, 28(3), 216-234.

Oliveira, M., Curado, C., Balle, A. R., & Kianto, A. (2020). Knowledge sharing, intellectual capital and organizational results in SMES: Are they related? Journal of Intellectual Capital, 21(6), 893-911.

Peng, H. (2013). Why and when do people hide knowledge? Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(3), 398-415. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-12-2012-0380

Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-Reports in Organizational Research: Problems and Prospects. Journal of Management. 12(4), 531-544. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920638601200408

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology, 88(5), 879-903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 539-569.

Ramayah, T., Soto-Acosta, P., Kheng, K. K., & Mahmud, I. (2020). Developing process and product innovation through internal and external knowledge sources in manufacturing Malaysian firms: the role of absorptive capacity. Business Process Management Journal. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-11-2019-0453

Rani, R., & Desiana, P. (2019). The impact of owners' intrinsic motivation and work-life balance on SMEs' performance: The mediating effect of affective commitment. International Journal of Business, 24(4), 393-411.

Rawlins, B. R. (2008). Measuring the relationship between organizational transparency and employee trust. Faculty Publications. 885. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/885

Robinson, S., Orsingher, C., Alkire, L., De Keyser, A., Giebelhausen, M., Papamichail, K. N., Shams, P., & Temerak, M. S. (2020). Frontline encounters of the AI kind: An evolved service encounter framework. Journal of Business Research, 116, 366-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.08.038

Rubel, M. R. B., Rimi, N. N., Yusliza, M.-Y., & Kee, D. M. H. (2018). High commitment human resource management practices and employee service behaviour: Trust in management as mediator. IIMB Management Review, 30(4), 316-329.

Saad, M., Jamaludin, N., & Yusuf, M. (2018). 43. Analysis of the use of interpersonal communication emoji on WhatsApp use among students. Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Social and Political Sciences (IcoSaPS 2018).

Sadeghi, S., Sajjadi, S. N., Nooshabadi, H. R., & Farahani, M. J. (2018). Social-cultural barriers of Muslim women athletes: Case study of professional female athletes in Iran. Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences, 2, 6-10.

Samsir, S. (2018). The effect of leadership orientation on innovation and its relationship with competitive advantages of small and medium enterprises in Indonesia. International Journal of Law Management, 60(2), 530-542. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-01-2017-0005

Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2017). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. Handbook of Market Research, 26(1), 1-40.

Sawatsuk, B., Darmawijaya, I. G., Ratchusanti, S., & Phaokrueng, A. (2018). Factors determining the sustainable success of community-based tourism: Evidence of good corporate governance of Mae Kam Pong Homestay, Thailand. International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs, 3(1), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.24088/IJBEA-2018-31002

Škerlavaj, M., Connelly, C. E., Cerne, M., & Dysvik, A. (2018). Tell me if you can: Time pressure, prosocial motivation, perspective taking, and knowledge hiding. Journal of knowledge Management, 22(7), 1489-1509.

Sunardi, Adam, M., & Putra, T. R. I. (2020). Intrinsic motivation and personal value in predicting the job satisfaction and employee performance: Study in marine and fisheries department of Aceh Jaya. International Journal of Business Management and Economic Review, 3(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.35409/ijbmer.2020.3134

Triandini, E., Djunaidy, A., & Siahaan, D. (2017). A maturity model for e-commerce adoption by small and medium enterprises in Indonesia. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations, 15(1), 44-58.

Urbonavicius, S., & Sezer, A. (2019). Accommodation providers’ motives in sharing economy: comparison between Turkey and Lithuania. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 13(4), 393-409. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-07-2018-0096

Wasike, C. N. (2017). Financial regulation as moderating, in luence of corporate governance, institutional quality, human capital and irm size on inancial institutions performance in Kenya. Journal of Administrative and Business Studies, 3(6), 292-304.

Welschen, J., Todorova, N., & Mills, A. M. (2012). An investigation of the impact of intrinsic motivation on organizational knowledge sharing. International Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(2), 23-42.

Wen, X., Zeng, J., Shahzad, K., Salam, S., & Latif, Z. (2019). Customer-knowledge enabled innovation: An empirical assessment. Human Systems Management, 38(2), 179-196. https://doi.org/10.3233/hsm-180405

Xia, Q., Yan, S., Zhang, Y., & Chen, B. (2019). The curvilinear relationship between knowledge leadership and knowledge hiding. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 40(6), 669-683.

Yamamori, K. (2019). Classroom practices of low-cost STEM education using scratch. Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Volume 4(6), 192-198. https://doi.org/10.26500/JARSSH-04-2019-0601

Yang, J., Lu, L., Yao, N., & Liang, C. (2020). Self-sacrificial leadership and employees' unethical pro-organizational behavior: Roles of identification with leaders and collectivism. Social Behavior Personality: An International Journal, 48(2), 1-12.

Zhang, H., & Ye, M. (2016). A literature review of self-sacrificial leadership. Psychology, 7(9), 1205-1210.

Zhang, J., Li, J., & Huang, J. (2020). How self-sacrificial leadership influences employee voice: Psychological safety as a mediator. Social Behavior Personality: An International Journal, 48(12), 1-8.